The story of the automotive future has long been written with an electric pen. However, as 2025 approaches, an interesting counter-narrative is emerging. While electric vehicles (EVs) remain the decarbonization papers, challenges related to hospitality infrastructure, battery costs, and supply chain realities are paving the way for a notable comeback for the internal combustion engine (ICE).
Industry analysts have observed a slowdown in the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, leading some of the world’s leading manufacturers to make strategic changes. This isn’t a retreat from environmentally friendly ambitions, but rather a pragmatic acknowledgement that the path to a zero-emission future may have multiple paths. Filling these paths will require unprecedented advances in combustion technology that promise lower emissions, greater fuel flexibility, and, in some cases, a radical reinvention of the engine as we know it. Here are four key technologies leading the way.
Table of Contents
1. Porsche’s Six-Stroke Engine
Porsche has patented a new engine design that adds two strokes to the conventional four-stroke cycle.
- Mechanism: The six strokes are: Intake, Compression, Combustion, Compression (re-compression), Combustion (re-ignition), and Exhaust. The key is re-compressing and re-igniting the fuel that was not fully utilized in the first combustion, essentially utilizing waste fuel present in the exhaust gases.
- Benefits: This design promises better thermal efficiency, 50% less emissions, and increased power.
2. Cummins’ Euro 7 Compliant Multi-Fuel Engines
Strategic move to navigate the tightening emissions regulations and the global push for decarbonization, Cummins Inc. has unveiled its innovative HELM™ (Higher Efficiency, Lower Emissions, Multiple Fuels) engine platforms. This forward-thinking approach is at the core of the company’s strategy to meet the stringent Euro 7 standards while providing customers with a flexible and practical transition to cleaner energy sources.
Cummins, a major manufacturer of engines for trucks, ships, and generators, has developed new L10 and X10 series engines designed to meet the extremely stringent Euro 7 emissions standards.
- Fuel Versatility: These engines can operate on multiple fuel sources by making slight modifications to the fuel delivery system:
- Renewable Diesel: Made from animal and plant fats, which can lead to 50% less pollution compared to standard diesel.
- Hydrogen
- Natural Gas / CNG
- Traditional Diesel
- Technology: They achieve high efficiency and low waste by using hybrid/efficient turbos (which can run on hydrogen) and integrating a Common Rail Fuel System, a technology more common in petrol engines.
3. CV Engine (Continuous Velocity Engine)
The CV Engine is a revolutionary design that completely eliminates the traditional variable connecting rod and crankshaft.
- Mechanism: It uses a fixed connecting rod in a boxer-style arrangement where the pistons’ combustion moves a rectangular rack side-to-side, which in turn rotates a central shaft. This design avoids the torque loss associated with traditional engine cycles.
- Performance: The video claims that a small 450cc CV Engine can outperform a conventional 2500cc engine, producing more horsepower (190 HP) while using half the fuel and creating half the emissions.
- Application: Due to its high efficiency, it is ideal for use as a generator in a hybrid system and can be stacked in series for heavy-duty vehicles.
4. Toyota’s Water-Powered Engine
Developed by Toyota in collaboration with Yamaha, this engine addresses the challenges of storing hydrogen by generating it on the go.
- Mechanism: The system uses a water tank and an electrolysis process (with electrodes) to separate the water (H₂O) into a hydrogen molecule, which is then fed into the combustion chamber as fuel.
- Benefits: The primary fuel source is readily available distilled water. The engine offers high efficiency, high reliability, and extremely clean combustion with no emissions
It is also very wrong to say that any engine does not cause pollution. The competition right now is either which engine reduces pollution and has better performance or only time will tell which engine will win this race.
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